Research on organic thin films, their morphology and their optical and excitonic properties.
Publications
Peer-Reviewed
F. Balzer, M. Fratschko, R. Resel, M. Schiek, Multimodal Microscopy of Randomly Oriented para-Hexaphenylene Nanoaggregates, submitted for publication (2024).
L. Nsubuga, L. Duggen, F. Balzer, S. Høegh, T.L. Marcondes, W. Greenbank, H.-G. Rubahn, R. de Oliveira Hansen, Modeling Nonlinear Dynamics of Functionalization Layers: Enhancing Gas Sensor Sensitivity for Piezoelectrically Driven Microcantilever, ACS Sens. 9 (2024) 1842 - 1856.
F. Balzer, T. Breuer, G. Witte, M. Schiek, Template and Temperature Controlled Polymorph Formation in Squaraine Thin Films, Langmuir 38 (2022) 926 - 9277.
F. Balzer, N.J. Hestand, J. Zablocki, G. Schnakenburg, A. Lützen, M. Schiek, Spotlight on Charge-Transfer Excitons in Crystalline Textured n-Alkyl Anilino Squaraine Thin Films, J. Phys. Chem. C 126 (2022) 13802 - 13813.
F. Balzer, M.F. Schumacher, S. Mattiello, M. Schulz, J. Zablocki, M. Schmidtmann, K. Meerholz, N.S. Sariciftci, L. Beverina, A. Lützen, M. Schiek, The Impact of Chiral Citronellyl-Functionalization on Indolenine and Anilino Squaraine Thin Films, Isr. J. Chem. 62 (2022) e202100079.
S. Funke, M. Duwe, F. Balzer, P. Thiesen, K. Hingerl, M. Schiek, Determining the Dielectric Tensor of Micro‐Textured Organic Thin Films by Imaging Mueller Matrix Ellipsometry, J. Chem. Phys. Lett. 12 (2021) 3053 – 3058.
J. Zablocki, M. Schulz, G. Schnakenburg, L. Beverina, Ph. Warzanowski, A. Revelli, M. Grüninger, F. Balzer, K. Meerholz, A. Lützen, M. Schiek, Structure and Dielectric Properties of Anisotropic n‐Alkyl Anilino Squaraine Thin Films, J. Phys. Chem. C 124 (2020) 22721 – 22732.
J. Zablocki, O. Arteaga, F. Balzer, D. Hertel, J.J. Holstein, G. Clever, J. Anhäuser, R. Puttreddy, K. Rissanen, K. Meerholz, A. Lützen, M. Schiek, Polymorphic Chiral Squaraine Crystallites in Textured Thin Films, Chirality 32 (2020) 619 – 631.
F. Balzer, O.S. Abdullaeva, A. Maderitsch, M. Schulz, A. Lützen, M. Schiek, Nanoscale Polarization‐Resolved Surface Photovoltage of a Pleochroic Squaraine Thin Film, Phys. Status Solidi B 257 (2020) 1900570.
M. Schulz, F. Balzer, D. Scheunemann, O. Arteaga, A. Lützen, S.C.J. Meskers, M. Schiek, Chiral Excitonic Organic Photodiodes for Direct Detection of Circular Polarized Light, Adv. Funct. Mater. 29 (2019) 1900684.
O.S. Abdullaeva, F. Balzer, M. Schulz, J. Parisi, A. Lützen, K. Dedek, M. Schiek, Organic Photovoltaic Sensors for Photocapacitive Stimulation of Voltage‐Gated Ion Channels in Neuroblastoma Cells, Adv. Funct. Mater. 29 (2019) 1805177.
M. Schulz, J. Zablocki, O.S. Abdullaeva, S. Brück, F. Balzer, A. Lützen, O. Arteaga, M. Schiek, Giant intrinsic circular dichroism of prolinol‐derived squaraine thin films, Nat. Commun. 9 (2018) 2413.
F. Balzer, H. Kollmann, M. Schulz, G. Schnakenburg, A. Lützen, M. Schmidtmann, Ch. Lienau, M. Silies, M. Schiek, Spotlight on Excitonic Coupling in Polymorphic and Textured Anilino Squaraine Thin Films, Cryst. Growth Des. 17 (2017) 6455 – 6466.
F. Balzer, R. Resel, A. Lützen, M. Schiek, Quasi‐One‐Dimensional Cyano‐Phenylene Aggregates: Uniform Molecule Alignment Contrasts Varying Electrostatic Surface Potential, J. Chem. Phys. 146 (2017) 134704.
F. Balzer, M. Schulz, A. Lützen, M. Schiek, Assembly of Diverse Molecular Aggregates With a Single, Substrate‐Directed Molecule Orientation, Soft Matter 12 (2016) 9297 – 9302.
O.S. Abdullaeva, M. Schulz, F. Balzer, J. Parisi, A. Lützen, K. Dedek, M. Schiek, Photoelectrical Stimulation of Neuronal Cells by an Organic Semiconductor‐Electrolyte Interface, Langmuir 32 (2016) 8533 – 8542.
F. Balzer, Ch. Röthel, H.‐G. Rubahn, A. Lützen, J. Parisi, R. Resel, M. Schiek, Thin film phase and local chirality of surface‐bound MOP4 nanofibers, J. Phys. Chem. C 120 (2016) 7653 - 7661.
F. Balzer, R. Sun, J. Parisi, H.‐G. Rubahn, A. Lützen, M. Schiek, Epitaxial growth of a methoxy‐functionalized quaterphenylene on alkali halide surfaces, Thin Solid Films 597 (2015) 104 - 111.
F. Balzer, H.H. Henrichsen, M.B. Klarskov, T.J. Booth, R. Sun, J. Parisi, M. Schiek, P. Bøggild, Directed self‐assembled crystalline oligomer domains on graphene and graphite, Nanotechnology 25 (2014) 035602.
F. Balzer, M. Schiek, A. Osadnik, I. Wallmann, J. Parisi, H.‐G. Rubahn, A. Lützen, Substrate Steered Crystallization of Naphthyl End‐Capped Oligothiophenes into Nanowires: The Influence of Methoxy‐Functionalization, Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 16 (2014) 5747 – 5754.
M. Radziwon, M. Madsen, F. Balzer, R. Resel, H.‐G. Rubahn, Growth of α‐sexithiophene nanostructures on C60 thin film layers, Thin Solid Films 558 (2014) 165 – 169.
M. Schiek and F. Balzer, Applications of confocal laser scanning microscopy in research into organic semiconductor thin films, Microscopy and Analysis (EMEA edition) 28 (2014) S4 – S8.
K. Bordo, M. Schiek, A. Ghazal, I. Wallmann, A. Lützen, F. Balzer, H.‐G. Rubahn, Parallely and normally surface aligned organic nanofiber arrays, J. Phys. Chem. C 115 (2011) 20882 – 20887.
F. Balzer, M Schiek, A. Lützen, H.‐G. Rubahn, Self organized growth of organic thiophene‐phenylene nanowires on silicate surfaces, Chem. Mater. 21 (2009) 4759 – 4767.
M. Schiek, F. Balzer, K. Al‐Shamery, A. Lützen, H.‐G. Rubahn, Nanoaggregates from Thiophene/Phenylene Co‐Oligomers, J. Phys. Chem. C 113 (2009) 9601 – 9608.
R. Resel, T. Haber, O. Lengyel, H. Sitter, F. Balzer, H.‐G. Rubahn, Origins for epitaxial order of sexiphenyl crystals on muscovite (001), Surf. Interface Anal. 41 (2009) 764 – 770.
F. Balzer, A. Pogantsch, H.‐G. Rubahn, Temperature dependent analysis of three classes of fluorescence spectra from p‐6P nanofiber films, J. Lumin. 129 (2009) 784 – 789.
L. Kankate, F. Balzer, H. Niehus, H.‐G. Rubahn, From Clusters to Fibers: Parameters for Discontinuous p‐6P Thin Film Growth, J. Chem. Phys. 128 (2008) 084709.
M. Schiek, F. Balzer, K. Al‐Shamery, A. Lützen, H.‐G. Rubahn, Light‐Emitting Organic Nanoaggregates from Functionalized p‐Quaterphenylenes, Soft Matter 4 (2008) 277 – 285.
M. Schiek, F. Balzer, K. Al‐Shamery, J. Brewer, A. Lützen, H.‐G. Rubahn, Organic Molecular Nanotechnology, small 4 (2008) 176 – 181.
M. Schiek, A. Lützen, K. Al‐Shamery, F. Balzer, H.‐G. Rubahn, Organic nanofibers from Chloride‐functionalized p‐quaterphenylenes, Cryst. Growth Des. 7 (2007) 229 – 233.
F. Balzer, R. Frese, M. Madsen, K. Thilsing‐Hansen, H.‐G. Rubahn, UV‐Laser Treatment in the Nanodomain: Forming of Organic Nanofibers, JLMN 1 (2006) 275 – 280.
F. Quochi, F. Cordella, A. Mura, G. Bongiovanni, F. Balzer, H.‐G. Rubahn, Gain amplification and lasing properties of individual organic nanofibers, Appl. Phys. Lett. 88 (2006) 041106.
F. Balzer, L. Kankate, H. Niehus, R. Frese, C. Maibohm, H.‐G. Rubahn, Tailoring the Growth of p‐6P nanofibres on ultrathin Au layers on mica: an organic ‐ metal ‐ dielectric model system, Nanotechn. 17 (2006) 984 – 991.
C. Maibohm, J.R. Brewer, H. Sturm, F. Balzer, H.‐G. Rubahn, Bleaching and coating of organic nanofibers, J. Appl. Phys. 100 (2006) 054304.
M. Schiek, A. Lützen, K. Al‐Shamery, F. Balzer, H.‐G. Rubahn, Nanofibers from methoxy functionalized para‐phenylene molecules, Surf. Sci. 600 (2006) 4030 – 4033.
F. Quochi, F. Cordella, A. Mura, G. Bongiovanni, F. Balzer, H.‐G. Rubahn, One Dimensional Random Lasing in a Single Organic Nanofiber, J. Phys. Chem. B 109 (2005) 21690 – 21693.
J. Beermann, S. Bozhevolnyi, F. Balzer, H.‐G. Rubahn, Two‐Photon Near‐field Mapping of Local Molecular Orientations in Hexaphenyl Nanofibers, Laser Phys. Lett., 2 (2005) 480 – 484.
M. Schiek, A. Lützen, R. Koch, K. Al‐Shamery, F. Balzer, R. Frese, H.‐G. Rubahn, Nanofibers from Functionalized para‐Phenylene Molecules, Appl. Phys. Lett. 86 (2005) 153107.
F. Balzer and H.‐G. Rubahn, Growth control and optics of organic nanoaggregates, Invited Feature Article for Adv. Funct. Mat. 15 (2005) 17 – 24.
F. Balzer, V.G. Bordo, R. Neuendorf, K. Al‐Shamery, A. Simonsen, H.‐G. Rubahn, Organic nanofibers: A window to submicron optics, IEEE Trans. Nanotechn. 3 (2004) 67 – 72.
F. Balzer and H.‐G. Rubahn, Chain‐lengthdependent para‐phenylene film‐ and needle‐growth on dielectrics, Surf. Sci. 548 (2004) 170 – 182.
F. Balzer, V.G. Bordo, A.C. Simonsen, H.‐G. Rubahn, Optical Waveguiding in Individual Nanometer‐Scale Organic Fibers, Phys. Rev. B 67 (2003) 115408.
F. Balzer, V.G. Bordo, A.C. Simonsen, H.‐G. Rubahn, Isolated Hexaphenyl Nanofibers as Optical Waveguides, Appl. Phys. Lett. 82 (2003) 10 – 12.
F. Balzer, J. Beermann, S.I. Bozhevolnyi, A.C. Simonsen, H.‐G. Rubahn, Optically Active Organic Microrings, Nano Lett. 3 (2003) 1311 – 1314.
F. Balzer, K. Al Shamery, R. Neuendorf, H.‐G. Rubahn, Nonlinear Optics of Hexaphenyl Nanofibers, Chem. Phys. Lett. 368 (2003) 307 – 312.
F. Balzer and H.‐G. Rubahn, Optically Active Organic Nanoaggregates, Opt. Photon. News, 14 (2003) 27.
F. Balzer and H.‐G. Rubahn, Laser‐Controlled Growth of Needle‐Shaped Organic Nanoaggregates, Nano Lett. 2 (2002) 747 – 750.
F. Balzer and H.‐G. Rubahn, Growth of Optically Active p‐Phenylene Needles on Mica, Surf. Sci. 507–510 (2002) 588 – 592.
A.J. Hallock, C.M. Matthews, F. Balzer, R.N. Zare, N2 Product Internal‐State Distributions for the Steady‐State Reaction of NO with H2 and NH3 on the Pt(100) Surface, J. Phys. Chem. B 105 (2001) 8725 – 8728.
F. Balzer and H.‐G. Rubahn, Dipole‐Assisted Self‐Assembly of Light‐Emitting p‐nP Needles on Mica, Appl. Phys. Lett. 79 (2001) 3860 – 3862.
F. Balzer and H.‐G. Rubahn, Second‐Harmonic Generation and Shielding Effects of Alkali Clusters on Ultrathin Organic Films, Nanotechn. 12 (2001) 105 – 109.
F. Balzer, R. Gerlach, H.‐G. Rubahn, The Growth of Sodium Rough Films on Mica (0001) as Determined by Helium Atom Scattering, Appl. Surf. Sci. 173 (2001) 262 – 269.
C.M. Matthews, F. Balzer, A.J. Hallock, M.D. Ellison, R.N. Zare, Scattering of N2 from Ni(111), Surf. Sci. 460 (2000) 12 – 20.
F. Balzer and H.‐G. Rubahn, Interference Effects in the Optical Second Harmonic Generation from Ultrathin Alkali Films, Opt. Commun. 185 (2000) 493 – 499.
F. Balzer, S.D. Jett, H.‐G. Rubahn, Non‐Linear Optically Active Metal Clusters in Nanoscaled Systems Including Self‐Assembled Organic Films, Thin Solid Films 372 (2000) 78 – 84.
F. Balzer, S.D. Jett, H.‐G. Rubahn, Alkali Cluster Films on Insulating Substrates: Comparison Between Scanning Force Microscopy and Extinction Data, Chem. Phys. Lett. 297 (1998) 273 – 280.
F. Balzer, R. Gerlach, M. Schober, H.‐G. Rubahn, A HAS Study of Laser Irradiation of Alkali‐Covered Dielectrics, Surf. Sci. 402–404 (1998) 841 – 844.
F. Balzer and H.‐G. Rubahn, Optical Detection of Cluster‐Formation on Ultrathin Organic Films, Opt. & Phot. News 9 (1998) 64.
Th. Müller, P.H. Vaccaro, F. Balzer, H.‐G. Rubahn, Size dependent optical second harmonic generation from surface bound Na clusters: Comparison between experiment and theory, Opt. Commun. 135 (1997) 103 – 108.
F. Balzer, R. Gerlach, G. Polanski, H.‐G. Rubahn, Chain length dependence of the structure of alkane thiol films on Au(111), Chem. Phys. Lett. 274 (1997) 145 – 151.
F. Balzer, R. Gerlach, J.R. Manson, H.‐G. Rubahn, Photodesorption of Na atoms from rough Na surfaces, J. Chem. Phys. 106 (1997) 7995 – 8012.
F. Balzer, V.G. Bordo, H.‐G. Rubahn, Frequency shifts and lifetime changes of Na atoms near rough metal surfaces, Opt. Lett. 22 (1997) 1262 – 1264.
F. Balzer and H.‐G. Rubahn, Third‐order nonlinear optics of Na clusters bound to dielectric surfaces, Chem. Phys. Lett. 238 (1995) 77 – 81.
F. Balzer and H.‐G. Rubahn, Size effects and the determination of absolute temperature increases in laser heating of dielectrics, Chem. Phys. Lett. 233 (1995) 75 – 80.
F. Balzer and H.‐G. Rubahn, Real time observation of heat transfer along laser‐irradiated dielectric surfaces, Surf. Sci. 307–309 (1994) 367 – 371.
F. Balzer, M. Hartmann, M. Renger, H.‐G. Rubahn, Kinetics of Photo‐Induced Dissociation of Na Clusters Deposited on Mica, Z. Phys. D 28 (1993) 321 – 329.
F. Balzer, K. Bammel, H.‐G. Rubahn, Laser Investigations of Na Atoms Deposited Via Inert Spacer Layers Close to Metal Surfaces, J. Chem. Phys. 98 (1993) 7625 – 7635.
Popular Science
H.‐G. Rubahn and F. Balzer, Laseranwendungen an harten und weichen Oberflächen, Teubner‐Verlag 2006, ISBN 3‐519‐00490‐9.
F. Balzer and M. Schiek, Automated Polarized Microscopy Analysis of Fluorescent and Birefringent Nano‐and Microfibers, inS.C.Müller and J.Parisi(Ed.), Bottom‐UpSelf‐Organization in Supramolecular Soft Matter, Vol. 217 of Springer Series in Materials Science, Ch. 7 (2015) 151 – 176.
F. Balzer, M. Madsen, J. Kjelstrup‐Hansen, M. Schiek, and H.‐G. Rubahn, Organic Nanowires, in K. Sattler (Ed.), Handbook of Nanophysics: Nanotubes and Nanowires, Taylor & Francis, Ch. 21 (2010) 21‐1 – 21‐11.
F. Balzer, Growth of oriented organic nanoaggregates via organic molecular beam deposition, in K. Al‐Shamery, H.‐G. Rubahn, H. Sitter (Eds.), Organic nanofibers for next generation devices, Vol. 101 of Springer Series in Materials Science, Ch. 3 (2008) 31 – 65.
Conference Proceedings
F. Balzer, R. Sun, H.‐G. Rubahn, M. Schiek, A. Lützen, Epitaxial growth of a methoxy‐functionalized organic semiconductor on dielectric surfaces, Proc. SPIE 8983 (2014) 89830M.
F. Balzer, M. Schiek, A. Osadnik, A. Lützen, H.‐G. Rubahn, Organic Nanofibers from Squaryl ium Dyes: Local Morphology, Optical, and Electrical Properties, Proc. SPIE 8258 (2012) 82580O.
F. Balzer, M. Schiek, I. Wallmann, A. Schäfer, A. Lützen, H.‐G. Rubahn, Stability of Organic Nanowires, Proc. SPIE 8094 (2011) 809409.
F. Balzer, M. Schiek, A. Lützen, H.‐G. Rubahn, Self‐assembly of thiophene/phenylene co-oligomers, Proc. SPIE 7393 (2009) 73930F.
F. Balzer, M. Schiek, A. Lützen, H.‐G. Rubahn, Organic Nanofibers from PPTPP, in: Interface controlled organic thin films, Springer Proceedings in Physics, Vol. 129 (2009) 11 – 17.
F. Balzer, M. Madsen, R. Frese, M. Schiek, T. Tamulevicius, S. Tamulevicius, H.‐G. Rubahn, Bottom‐Up Tailoring of Photonic Nanofibers, Proc. SPIE 6883 (2008) 68830T.
F. Balzer, J. Brewer, J. Kjelstrup‐Hansen, M. Madsen, M. Schiek, K. Al‐Shamery, A. Lützen, H.‐G. Rubahn, Printed Second Harmonic active organic nanofiber arrays, Proc. SPIE 6779 (2007) 67790I.
M. Schiek, J. Brewer, F. Balzer, A. Lützen, K. Al‐Shamery, H.‐G. Rubahn, Tailored Nanoaggregates from Functionalized Organic Molecules, Proc. SPIE 6475 (2007) 647517.
F. Balzer, M. Schiek, A. Lützen, K. Al‐Shamery, H.‐G. Rubahn, Growth of nanofibers from thiophenes, thiophene‐phenylenes and phenylenes: a systematic study, Proc. SPIE 6470 (2007) 647006.
F. Balzer, L. Kankate, H. Niehus, H.‐G. Rubahn, Tailoring of organic nanofiber growth for a new type of waveguides, Proc. SPIE 6117 (2006) 61770E.
J.R. Brewer, H.H. Henrichsen, F. Balzer, L. Bagatolli, A.C. Simonsen, H.‐G. Rubahn, Nanofibers made to order: free floating, transferred and gel‐packed organic nanoaggregates, Proc. SPIE 5931 (2005) 59310Y.
F. Balzer, L. Kankate, H. Niehus, H.‐G. Rubahn, Epitaxy vs. Dipole assisted growth for organic oligomer nanoaggregates, Proc. SPIE 5925 (2005) 59250A.
F. Balzer, L. Kankate, H. Niehus, H.‐G. Rubahn, Nanoaggregates from oligothiophenes and oligophenylenes ‐ a systematic survey, Proc. SPIE 5724 (2005) 285 – 294.
F. Balzer, J. Ihlemann, A.C. Simonsen, H.‐G. Rubahn, UV laser cutting of organic nanofibers, Proc. SPIE 5720 (2005) 165 – 172.
F. Balzer and H.‐G. Rubahn, Nanofibers for Linear and Nonlinear Photonics, Proc. SPIE 4987 (2003), 44 ‐ 51.
F. Balzer, E.J. Kintzel, Jr., J.G. Skofronick, S.A. Safron, H.‐G. Rubahn, Analysis of Nanostructured Blue‐Light Emitting p‐6P Films on Mica, Proc. SPIE 4800 (2003) 216 ‐ 222.
F. Balzer, V.G. Bordo, R. Neuendorf, K. Al‐Shamery, A.C. Simonsen, H.‐G. Rubahn, Organic nanofibers: a new window to optics of ultrasmall aggregates, Proc. SPIE 5118 (2003) 263 ‐ 270.
F. Balzer and H.‐G. Rubahn, Continuous and Discontinuous Growth of Single Crystalline Light‐Emitting Films on Mica, Proc. SPIE 4809 (2002) 33 – 39.
F. Balzer and H.‐G. Rubahn, Novel Structures and Optics of p‐Phenylene Thin Films on Dielectrics and Metals, Proc. SPIE 4642 (2002) 110 – 117.
F. Balzer and H.‐G. Rubahn, Structure and Optical Properties of Ultrathin P‐Phenylene Oligomer Films on Dielectrics, Proc. SPIE 4461 (2001) 238 – 245.
K. Rubahn, J. Ihlemann, F. Balzer, H.‐G. Rubahn, UV laser ablation of ultrathin dielectric layers, Proc. SPIE 3618 (1999) 357 – 362.
F. Balzer and H.‐G. Rubahn, Nonlinear Optics of Rough Cluster Films, Proc. SPIE 3272 (1998) 23 – 34.
F. Balzer, V.G. Bordo, H.‐G. Rubahn, Surface‐Induced Changes of the Optical Response of Particles in Nanoscaled Systems: A Combined Experimental and Theoretical Study, Proc. SPIE 3272 (1998) 42 – 50.
F. Balzer and H.‐G. Rubahn, Influence of surface roughness on frequency shift and third order nonlinear susceptibility of adsorbed particles, Proc. SPIE 2547 (1995) 40 – 51.
F. Balzer, M. Renger, H.‐G. Rubahn, Dynamics of Photodesorption of Small Particles Bound to Cluster Surfaces, Proc. SPIE 2125 (1994) 207 – 218.